Are you on the Internet or the internet?

This debate has been raging for years, but the tide appeared to turn when major US news organisations decided to drop the capitalisation of Internet, making it internet.

The Associated Press news agency made the lower-case spelling effective June 1, a move quickly followed by The New York Times and Wall Street Journal. In Britain and other locations, media outlets made similar changes over the past few years.

"We now spell it lowercase, reflecting a growing trend and a change by our official dictionary, Webster's New World College," the AP said in a statement. "We have also made web lowercase in all instances, and webpage and webfeed one word."

AFP's style guide calls for Internet capitalized in English, but lower case in French.

But the shift by US media groups could have an impact on usage.

Joseph Turow, a University of Pennsylvania communications professor who has been pressing for lower-case usage for over a decade, welcomed the change.

"This is part of everyday life and lower-case usage reinforces that idea," Turow told AFP. "Most people see (the Internet) as a faucet that they turn on to get data."

English teacher and blogger Mason West wrote that "there was really never a reason to capitalize internet in the first place, and the writing and editorial world is breathing a collective sigh of relief."

But the move also stirred passions among those who still view the Internet as a proper noun.

Vint Cerf, often described as the "father of the Internet" for inventing the protocols used online, said the change was a mistake, and that the AP editors "fail to understand history and technology."

Cerf said in a statement to Politico that there is a difference between the "public" Internet, which he said should be capitalised, and "private internets."

The latter, he said, use the same protocols "but do NOT connect to the public Internet. By lowercasing you create confusion between the two and that's a mistake."

The Internet Society, a nonprofit group created by Cerf and Bob Kahn with a mission to help connect people around the world, also said it was keeping its capital "I."

"The Internet refers to the globally connected network of networks that enables billions of people and devices around the world to communicate and collaborate," society spokeswoman Allesandra de Santillana said in an email to AFP.

"Many other networks of networks - internets - use the same technologies but do not connect to the Internet. If we were each using those, we wouldn't be able to email each other."
 
'There is just one'

Doc Searls, a journalist and author who has served as a fellow at the Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University, also defended the capitalization.

"The Internet is like the Universe," Searls said in a blog post.

"There is just one of it. There are no other examples. Formalising the lower-case 'internet,' for whatever reason, dismisses what's transcendent and singular about the Internet we have: a whole that is more, and other, than a sum of parts."

Two years earlier, technology analyst Bill Thompson lamented in his BBC column that "those who choose 'internet' over 'Internet' are as wrong as those who would visit london, meet the queen or go for a boat trip down the river thames."

The Oxford English Dictionary has kept Internet capitalised while recognizing this has been "passionately debated."

Oxford's Katherine Connor Martin said in a blog post that the capitalized form "is slightly more common" at around 54 percent worldwide, even though lower-case internet is more widely used in Britain.

"We are now in the midst of stylistic change with respect to the capitalisation of Internet, but the process is proceeding in patchwork fashion and is far from complete," Martin wrote.

"At Oxford, we will be watching our tracking corpus closely in the coming months, to see if lowercase internet makes new headway against the capitalised form."

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