Artemis II: Quest for a moon base and sustained lunar living begins

CAPE CANAVERAL: NASA 's Artemis II astronauts fired their engines and blazed toward the moon Thursday night, breaking free of the chains that have trapped humanity in shallow laps around Earth in the decades since Apollo. The so-called translunar ignition came 25 hours after liftoff, putting the three Americans and a Canadian on course for a lunar fly-around early next week. Their Orion capsule bolted out of orbit around Earth right on cue and chased after the moon nearly 250,000 miles (400,000 kilometres) away. "Ladies and gentlemen, I am so, so excited to be able to tell you that for the first time since 1972 during Apollo 17, human beings have left Earth orbit," NASA 's Lori Glaze announced at a news conference. The engine firing was flawless, she noted. ‘Phenomenal views’ Canadian astronaut Jeremy Hansen said he and his crewmates were glued to the capsule 's windows as they left Earth in the rearview mirror, taking in the "phenomenal" views. Their faces were pressed so tightly against the windows that they had to wipe them clean. "Humanity has once again shown what we are capable of, and it 's your hopes for the future that carry us now on this journey around the moon," Hansen said. NASA had the Artemis II crew stick close to home for a day to test their capsule 's life-support systems before clearing them for lunar departure. Plans for a moon base Now committed to the moon, the Artemis II test flight is the opening act for NASA 's grand plans for a moon base and sustained lunar living. Commander Reid Wiseman, pilot Victor Glover, Christina Koch and Hansen will dash past the moon then hang a U-turn and zip straight home without stopping on land. In the process, they will go the farthest humans have ever traveled from Earth, breaking the Apollo 13 distance record set in 1970. They also may become the fastest during their re-entry at flight 's end on April 10. ‘Many firsts’ for the astronauts Glover, Koch and Hansen already have made history as the first Black person, the first woman and the first non-U.S. citizen to launch to the moon. Apollo 's 24 lunar travellers were all white men. "Trust us, you look amazing. You look beautiful," Glover said in a TV interview after beholding the globe from pole to pole. "And from up here you also look like one thing: homo sapiens as all of us no matter where you 're from or what you look like, we 're all one people." To set the mood for the day 's main event, Mission Control woke up the crew with John Legend 's "Green Light" featuring Andre 3000 and a medley of NASA teams cheering them. "We are ready to go," Glover said. Final go-ahead Mission Control gave the final go-ahead minutes before the critical engine firing, telling the astronauts that they were embarking on "humanity 's lunar homecoming arc" to bring them back to Earth. The capsule is relying on the gravity of Earth and the moon - termed a free-return lunar trajectory - to complete the round-trip figure-eight loop. The engine accelerated their capsule to more than 24,000 mph (38,000 kph) to shove them out of Earth 's orbit. "I 've got to tell you, there is nothing normal about this," Wiseman said. "Sending four humans 250,000 miles away is a herculean effort, and we are now just realizing the gravity of that." Flight director Judd Frieling said he and his team were all business while on duty but will likely reflect on the momentousness of it all once they go home. "I suspect everybody understands that this is a once-in-a-lifetime moment," he told reporters. Lunar flyby The next major milestone will be Monday 's lunar flyby. Orion will zoom 4,000 miles (6,400 kilometres) beyond the moon before turning back, providing unprecedented and illuminated views of the lunar far side, at least for human eyes. The cosmos will even treat the Artemis II astronauts to a total solar eclipse as the moon temporarily blocks the sun from their perspective. While awaiting their orbital departure earlier Thursday, the astronauts savoured the views of Earth from tens of thousands of miles high. Koch told Mission Control that they can make out the entire coastlines of continents and even the South Pole, her old stomping ground. NASA is counting on the test flight to kickstart the entire Artemis program and lead to a moon landing by two astronauts in 2028. Tweaks for the lunar loo The so-called lunar loo may need some design tweaks, however. Orion 's toilet malfunctioned as soon as the Artemis crew reached orbit Wednesday evening. Mission Control guided astronaut Koch through some plumbing tricks and she finally got it going, but not before having to resort to using contingency urine storage bags. The urine pouches are serving double duty. Mission Control ordered the crew to fill a bunch of the empty bags with water from the capsule 's dispenser on Thursday. A valve issue arose with the dispenser following liftoff, and NASA wanted plenty of drinking water on hand for the crew in case the problem recurred. The astronauts used straw